Democracy is a learned habit, not instinct. The infrastructure of a civil society-such as freedom of speech, freedom of movement, freedom of assembly, the rule of law, minority rights, and an independent judiciary-needs to be established before holding elections. Deep attitudinal changes must take place as well: a culture of restraint, a commonality of values, a respect for differences of view and a sense of civic responsibility. इसके साथ ही व्यवहार में परिवर्तन भी आना चाहिए . सहने की संस्कृति , मूल्यों की समानता , विरोधी विचारों का सम्मान तथा नागरिक उत्तरदायित्व का बोध आदि.
2.
First, democracy is more than holding elections; it requires the development of civil society, meaning such complex and counterintuitive institutions as the rule of law, an independent judiciary, multiple political parties, minority rights, voluntary associations, freedom of expression, movement, and assembly. Democracy is a learned habit, not an instinctive one, that requires deep attitudinal changes such as a culture of restraint, a commonality of values, a respect for differences of view, the concept of loyal opposition, and a sense of civic responsibility. इकोनोमिस्ट ने डरहम विश्वविद्यालय के अनौस एहतेशामी और डैनियल पाइप्स से प्रस्ताव पर बोलने को कहा, “ मिस्र एक वर्ष के भीतर लोकतंत्र बन जायेगा” एह्तेशामी का उत्तर यहाँ पढा जा सकता है। श्रीमान पाइप्स की प्रतिक्रिया निम्नलिखित है।
3.
Democracy is a learned habit, not instinct. The infrastructure of a civil society - such as freedom of speech, freedom of movement, freedom of assembly, the rule of law, minority rights and an independent judiciary - needs to be established before holding elections. Deep attitudinal changes must take place as well: a culture of restraint, a commonality of values, a respect for differences of view and a sense of civic responsibility. लोकतन्त्र एक सीखने वाली आदत है न कि भाव। एक सभ्य समाज की आधारभूत संरचना जैसे अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतन्त्रता, आवागमन की स्वतन्त्रता, एकत्र होने की स्वतन्त्रता, विधि का शासन, अल्पसंख्यक का अधिकार और निष्पक्ष न्यायपालिका की स्थापना होनी चाहिए फिर चुनाव कराये जाने चाहिए। व्यवहार के धरातल पर भी कुछ परिवर्तन होने चाहिए - सहिष्णुता की संस्कृति, मूल्यों की समानता, विरोधी विचारों के लिए सम्मान और नागरिक दायित्यों का बोध।
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